Different Types of Therapy Summarized
Mental health treatment is not one-size-fits-all. Over the years, therapists and psychologists have developed a wide range of evidence-based therapy approaches to support individuals through anxiety, trauma, depression, personality disorders, and more. In this post, we’ll break down some of the most well-known therapeutic modalities (CBT, DBT, EMDR, and others) to help you better understand which might be right for you or someone you care about.
1. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
CBT is one of the most commonly practiced forms of psychotherapy today. It's based on the concept that our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are interconnected and that, by identifying and challenging unhelpful thought patterns, we can change our emotional experiences and actions.
Key Features:
Structured and goal-oriented
Fairly short-term (around 20 sessions)
Focuses on present issues rather than past experiences
Best For:
Anxiety disorders
Depression
OCD
PTSD
Phobias
CBT often includes homework assignments, such as journaling or practicing specific coping techniques. Clients learn to reframe cognitive distortions (like catastrophizing or black-and-white thinking) into more balanced, realistic thoughts. Trauma-Focused CBT (TF-CBT) is another popular form of CBT that is fairly similar but more specialized for clients who have experienced trauma.
2. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
Originally developed for borderline personality disorder, DBT is a form of CBT designed for people who experience intense emotions and interpersonal difficulties. It emphasizes the dialectic, or balance, between acceptance and change.
Core Components:
Mindfulness: Staying present and aware
Distress tolerance: Surviving crises without worsening the situation
Emotional regulation: Identifying and managing intense emotions
Interpersonal effectiveness: Navigating relationships with assertiveness
Best For:
Borderline personality disorder
Self-harming behaviors
Suicidal ideation
Eating disorders
PTSD
DBT is often delivered through a combination of individual therapy, group skills training, and phone coaching.
3. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
EMDR is a structured therapy that helps people process and resolve traumatic memories. It involves recalling distressing events while the therapist guides the client through bilateral stimulation, usually in the form of side-to-side eye movements or tapping.
How It Works:
The theory behind EMDR is that traumatic experiences get “stuck” in the brain, and by reprocessing them while engaged in dual attention tasks, the brain can integrate the memory in a healthier way.
Best For:
PTSD
Childhood trauma
Anxiety
Grief
Phobias
While EMDR might sound unconventional, it's backed by a growing body of research and is endorsed by organizations like the APA and WHO for trauma treatment.
4. Additional Therapy Modalities
Beyond the big three, several other therapeutic approaches may be helpful depending on an individual’s needs:
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)
This mindfulness-based therapy teaches clients to accept thoughts and feelings without judgment and commit to actions that align with their values. It’s widely used for anxiety, depression, and chronic pain.
Psychodynamic Therapy
Focused on exploring unconscious processes and early life experiences, psychodynamic therapy aims to increase self-awareness and understanding of how the past influences present behavior.
Humanistic Therapies (e.g., Person-Centered Therapy)
These approaches prioritize empathy, authenticity, and unconditional positive regard. The therapist provides a supportive environment that empowers clients to reach their full potential with a strengths-based approach.
Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT)
A short-term, goal-oriented approach that emphasizes solutions rather than problems. SFBT is ideal for clients looking for quick, practical strategies to address specific concerns.
Finding the Right Fit
Choosing the right type of therapy often depends on your goals, symptoms, personality, and even logistics like session format or insurance coverage. A qualified therapist can help assess your needs and recommend the best approach. Many therapists also integrate multiple modalities to tailor treatment to each individual. Whether you're managing anxiety, healing from trauma, or seeking personal growth, there is a therapeutic path that can support your journey!
Interested in exploring therapy for yourself or your family? Reach out to a licensed mental health professional to begin your path toward healing and resilience today!
-Ciera Canaday, LCSW and Clinical Director